3DGS WebTools — Help

F1	Open help in a new browser tab
F2	Rename the selected Outliner item
Middle-drag	Outliner: drag a Group or node onto Scene or another Group to regroup; drag a splat onto a mesh joint/locator to attach (follows animation)
W E R	Gizmo mode: Move / Rotate / Scale. Click the mode chip on the handle to cycle. Move: axis arrows, XY/YZ/XZ plane pads, yellow center = free drag. Scale: axis cubes; orange center = uniform scale (respects Scale lock in Model Info)
+ / −	Scale transform handle up / down (also = / Numpad ±). Default length = one grid cell
Mode / Space chips	On the transform handle: top chip cycles Move → Rot → Scale; bottom chip toggles Wld ↔ Obj axis space
1 / 3 / 7 / 5	Viewport (Blender-style): Front / Right / Top / Perspective — Numpad or number row
Ctrl+Numpad 1/3/7 · Shift+1/3/7	Opposite ortho: Back / Left / Bottom
9	Flip to the opposite orthographic view
F	Frame selected object(s) — also Display → Frame Selected (works in Perspective and ortho)
Drag	Orbit camera (Perspective only — locked in ortho views)
Scroll	Zoom viewport — ortho views (Front / Top / Side / …) use camera zoom in Layout and in Splat / Object / Lighting / Animation edit; Perspective dollies
Right-drag	Pan camera
Scroll	Zoom
Esc	Close panels, menus, or help; stop or close screen record; clear edit selection
Delete	Delete selected object · gaussians (Splat Edit) · mesh (Object Edit) · light (Lighting Edit) · camera (Animation Edit)
I or S	Animation: insert keyframe at the playhead — transform or Material track for the selected object; audio volume when a timeline audio clip is selected (pick the clip in Graph → Volume or Tracks → Audio)
Alt+I	Animation: delete keyframe at the playhead
Space	Animation: play / pause the Timeline
Numpad 0	Look through the selected (or first) scene camera — toggle to exit. Orbit / pan / zoom moves that camera (Lock Camera to View). Resolution menu sets the passepartout frame
Ctrl+Z	Undo last scene change (gizmo / Transform panel including Freeze & Reset Pivot, group/ungroup) · in Splat Edit: undo splat selection/delete
Ctrl/Cmd+N / O / S / Shift+S	File shortcuts: New · Open · Save · Save As
Ctrl+C / V / D	Copy / Paste / Duplicate the selected node
Ctrl+G / Ctrl+Shift+G	Group / Ungroup (multi-select supported for mesh objects)
Shift+click / Ctrl+click	Outliner / viewport: add to selection · toggle selection (mesh objects)
Ctrl hold	Splat Edit: subtract from selection while dragging
Shift+LMB	Splat Edit: invert selection in the box / lasso / brush stroke (selected ↔ unselected inside the region)
Alt hold	Splat Edit: orbit / pan without leaving edit mode
[ / ]	Splat Edit: decrease / increase brush size

New	Clear the scene and start empty — closes all open Windows-menu panels (Tools Window, Timeline, 3DGS Simplify Tool, Scene Analyze, Log, Performance, AR Experience)
Open…	Replace the scene with a scene zip from this app (named from the top-bar project: {name}.zip with {name}.glb + {name}.js and sidecar media; older *_scene.zip still opens), a Scene GLB, mesh GLB / glTF, mesh FBX (.fbx — static meshes, skinning, joints, textures, animation), or splat (.ply / .splat / .ksplat / .spz / .sog). Drag-drop onto the viewport uses the same formats. With 3DGS Simplify Tool open, splat Open/Import goes into that tool’s Original preview instead. Same window close behavior as New
Save	Quick-save Scene (zip) — same package as before ({name}.zip with {name}.glb + {name}.js, lights, HDR, shaders, sidecar media). Overwrites the zip you opened or last saved when the browser allows writing that file; otherwise opens the native Save as picker on the same click
Save As…	Save Scene zip to a new name or folder (native Save as when supported; download fallback otherwise)
Save Selection…	Opens the resizable save window for the selected splat or mesh — pick format, then confirm the file name. Optional Overwrite when saving back to a known zip stem. Formats that do not apply are greyed out. Mesh selection can export .glb, embedded .gltf, a zip with separate glTF textures, or binary FBX (.fbx) — when textures are connected, FBX downloads as a zip with the .fbx, textures/ PNG sidecars (slot suffixes in filenames), and a {name}_texture_links.txt relink guide; UV V is flipped for typical DCC import. Splat format conversion works on static web hosts (in-browser) as well as with python run.py. Drag the title to move; edges/corners to resize (size remembered)
Import…	Add another splat or mesh (GLB, glTF, or FBX) without replacing the scene. FBX import uses the same mesh / skin / animation pipeline as GLB. With Simplify Tool open, splat files load into Original
Export as HTML zip…	Downloads {name}.zip from the top-bar project name — a flat zip (no extra folder) with the offline viewer HTML plus sidecar media (see HTML export zip below). Includes meshes, materials (Standard / Phong / Basic / Movie / Shadow Catcher / Occlusion), Outliner lights & shadows, studio/HDR lighting, sky/background, viewport post-processing, and splats. When splats are present, a Splat file format dialog runs first (same choices as AR export)
Export AR zip…	Builds a mobile AR package ({name}-ar.zip) with index.html, scene.glb, scene.json (includes Default / On-start, touch gesture Actions, and LINK BUTTON HUD when authored), splat sidecars, Movie video sidecars, and bundled runtime. When splats are present, pick their export format in the dialog before packing. When a Movie uses a non-web-safe video (e.g. iPhone .mov), a second dialog offers Optimize movies for web (H.264 MP4) (on by default). Same layout and relative scale as Preview 3D in the AR panel. Requires HTTPS to host. See Web AR overview / World placement AR / Image-target AR help tabs

When it appears	After you pick a format in Save Selection, or when an export finishes packing (mesh/splat download, Export as HTML zip, Export AR zip, screen capture, and similar writes). File → Save for Scene zip skips this step when overwriting an opened zip; it uses the native picker directly when a new path is needed
File name	Edit the suggested name; invalid characters are replaced. If you remove the extension, the original suffix is restored (including .compressed.ply). Enter or Save… continues; Cancel aborts the write
Save…	Opens the browser’s native Save as dialog when supported (pick folder + name). Otherwise the file downloads with the confirmed name — use the browser’s “Ask where to save each file” setting to choose a folder on each download

Package	Zip is flat (no extra folder): {name}.html plus sidecar files next to it. Name comes from the top-bar project
Meshes	All meshes pack into one GLB named from the top-bar project ({name}.glb). Model textures (albedo, normal, roughness, alpha, …) are embedded in that GLB — no separate texture files. The viewer loads it once and places each mesh by name
Lighting / sky	Mesh IBL HDR/EXR is a separate file. Background photo or LDR sky is a separate image. When env and background share the same HDR, only one HDR is written (plus an LDR sky.jpg plate for reliable display)
Splats	When the scene includes splats, the exporter asks for a sidecar format (.compressed.ply default, or .ply / .sog / .spz / .splat / .ksplat / splat .glb). The viewer uses the same Spark path as the editor so silhouettes stay tight. Meshes render underneath; Shadow Catcher shadows depth-test against splats and draw on top
Post-processing	Tools Window → Scene Settings → Post-Processing Filters (Bloom, FXAA, depth of field, pixelation, color grading / LUT) export with the scene and apply in the offline HTML viewer
Movies	Video files stay as separate files next to the HTML (not inlined). Movie materials play video + audio; if the browser blocks unmuted autoplay, the first click or keypress unlocks sound
Open / share	Fully unzip — do not open the HTML from inside the zip. Keep {name}.html, {name}.glb, HDR/sky/background, splat sidecars, and any movie files together. Model textures are already inside the GLB. Open the .html from that folder (double-click or a local static server)

Undo	Undo the last scene change — transform (gizmo / Model Info, including Freeze Transform & Reset Pivot to World) or group/ungroup. In Splat Edit, undoes splat selection/delete (Ctrl+Z)
Copy	Copy the selected splat, glTF object, or mesh part
Paste	Paste from the editor clipboard (slightly offset)
Duplicate	Copy and paste the selected node in one step (not a Group)
Delete	Remove the selected object, light, or (in Splat Edit) selected gaussians
Group	Wrap selected mesh objects, nest splats and/or whole meshes under a shared parent Group (children inherit its transform). Shift/Ctrl+click to multi-select. Objects are not auto-grouped on open
Ungroup	Dissolve the selected group(s) — mesh Group, splat parent Group, or splat virtual group
Freeze Transform	Zero Position / Rotation / Scale without moving the object — bakes the current pose into the geometry / hierarchy. Works for splats, meshes, nodes, and Group folders
Reset Pivot to World	Move only the selected model's pivot to the world / grid center (0,0,0). Clears Position to 0; rotation and scale stay; the object stays put

Layout	Default — select and transform in the Outliner / viewport; no edit toolbars
Splat Edit	Toolbar appears below the top bar — box / lasso / brush select, delete floaters, undo. Shift+LMB inverts splats inside the stroke; Ctrl/Cmd subtracts. Scroll zooms the viewport (ortho axis views included). Hold Alt to orbit without leaving edit mode
Object Edit	Toolbar below the top bar — add Primitives (box, sphere, …) and delete mesh objects
Lighting Edit	Toolbar below the top bar — Add Light (Directional / Point / Ambient / Hemisphere) under Scene → light_grp. Click a light helper or Outliner row to select. Directional: amber orbit = az/el (aims at world origin), cyan = distance. Point / hemisphere use the normal gizmo; ambient has no transform. Color, power, Cast shadow, Softness (0–200), Quality (Low–Ultra), and aim live in Model Info → Selected Light (drag ⠿ to reorder sections)
Animation Edit	Toolbar below the top bar — Add Render Cam, insert keyframes, Auto Key vs Manual, Camera View (Numpad 0), camera resolution (passepartout), and Timeline. In Camera View, orbit/pan/zoom moves the camera (Lock Camera to View). Keyframe any Outliner node except the Scene root (meshes, joints, groups, lights, splats, cameras). Interpolation: Auto Smooth / Linear / Constant / Ease

Grid	Toggle world grid and axes at the origin. Line colors follow the light / dark UI theme (RGB axis colors unchanged). Sized to the scene; one cell = default transform-handle length. In ortho views the grid plane aligns to the viewport (axes stay world XYZ)
Performance	Speedometer icon — open the monitor or toggle the compact HUD. When closed, opens the full window; when the full window is open, minimizes to the HUD; when the HUD is showing, restores the full window
Viewport	Camera — Perspective (free orbit), or ortho Front / Back / Right / Left / Top / Bottom (pan & scroll zoom; orbit locked). Scroll wheel zooms in Layout and all edit modes. Shortcuts like Blender: 1/3/7/5; opposite with Ctrl+Numpad or Shift+number; 9 flips. Returning to Perspective restores the previous orbit pose (avoids Top-view Z-up leaking into free orbit)
Transform Handle	Maya-style manipulator — Move: RGB arrows + plane squares + yellow center; Rotate: RGB rings + outer yellow view ring; Scale: axis cubes + plane squares + yellow uniform center. W / E / R or click the mode chip; space chip toggles Wld ↔ Obj. Default length = one grid cell; + / − scale the handle
Orient	Cycle camera up orientation
Capture	Camera icon opens the screen record frame — save and record controls are on the frame toolbar
Theme	Toggle UI chrome dark / light (editor opens in light theme by default). Opening or importing a mesh applies a matching solid viewport plate (light → white, dark → black) unless you already set a custom image, HDR, or gradient
Help	Open this help window (also F1 or Windows → Help…)
Fullscreen	Toggle fullscreen. When Performance is minimized, its compact HUD appears immediately to the right of this icon

Save image	Image icon — dropdown with JPEG, PNG, or PNG transparent. Captures the crop region at output resolution
Format	Dropdown — WebM or MP4 (MP4 when your browser supports it; otherwise WebM)
Record	Red film-strip icon — starts recording; icon switches to a stop square while recording
Close	× icon or Esc — closes the frame (Esc stops an active recording first)
Custom size	Choose Custom in Preset — type width × height in px; the crop frame becomes exactly that size on screen (1:1 with output). Drag the corner to scale freely instead

Open	Camera icon → Screen record — a crop frame appears over the viewport with the rest of the screen dimmed
Preset	Dropdown on the frame toolbar — 1080p (1920×1080), phone portrait / landscape, tablet portrait / landscape. Pick one to set the starting output size
Resolution	Monospace label on the toolbar shows output pixels (e.g. 1920 × 1080). Updates live while you drag the resize handle
Resize	Drag the bottom-right corner marker to set any frame size. Preset switches to Custom when dimensions no longer match a preset
Format	Format dropdown — WebM (widest support) or MP4 (Safari and some Chromium builds). Unsupported options are disabled
Record	Red film-strip icon starts capture; it switches to a stop square while recording — click again to stop and choose where to save the WebM/MP4. Gizmo, grid, and helpers hide during recording. Timer shows elapsed time
Close	Close or Esc — closes setup; Esc while recording stops and saves
Move frame	Drag the toolbar (empty area or labels) to reposition the crop window. Preset, resolution label, and buttons are not drag handles
View camera	Orbit, pan, and zoom work as usual — drag inside the crop area or on the dimmed viewport outside the frame
Tip	Frame the shot inside the crop area before Record — custom typed resolution captures that region 1:1; corner-drag resize scales output to match the frame size

Grey	Meshes: toggle — clay grey material, textures off. Combines with Wireframe and No Light
Color	Meshes: toggle ON by default — lit shaded materials with textures. Turn OFF for flat material color only (maps removed). Mutually exclusive with Grey. Combines with Wireframe and No Light
Wireframe	Meshes: toggle — dark neutral edge overlay. With Color (or Grey) on, shows the textured or grey surface plus dark wires. Wireframe alone (Color and Grey off) shows edges only
No Light	Meshes: toggle — unlit shading; studio lights + env IBL off. Combines with Grey and Wireframe
Gaussian	Splats: default full 3D Gaussian rendering with view-dependent shading
Point Cloud	Splats: each splat as a screen-space dot — a Dot size bar appears under the top menu (0.25×–30×) for editing floaters
Flat Color	Splats: base albedo only (SH degree 0), no view-dependent highlights
2D Surf	Splats: SurfSplatting-style flattened ellipsoids (mutually exclusive — pick one splat display mode)
Frame Selected	Move the camera to frame the selected object(s) — splat, mesh, node, or Group folder. Also F. In ortho, re-aims the current axis view at the selection
Show Joints	Toggle thin color-coded bone lines in the viewport (drawn over meshes)
Show Lights	Toggle light helpers (Outliner lights, glTF lights, studio key). Tint follows each light’s color with a deep contrast remap + solid core marker so helpers stay readable on both dark and light viewport plates (including white lights)
Show Cameras	Toggle render-camera frustum helpers in the viewport (from Animation Edit → Add Render Cam). On by default; helpers hide while looking through a camera (Numpad 0)
Camera Name	In Camera View (Numpad 0), show the active camera name at the bottom of the resolution frame. On by default

Tools Window	Open or close the floating Tools window (Model Info + Scene Settings tabs). Drag the title bar to move, edges/corners to resize. Header ≡ three-step collapse; drag ⠿ on a section header to reorder cards. Opens by default when the editor starts
Timeline	Floating animation window — Windows → Timeline or the top-bar Timeline button. Four tabs: Dope Sheet (key diamonds — drag to retime), Graph Editor (transform curves + lower Volume pane for audio level keys), Material (opacity / emissive / UV animation curves), and Tracks Editor (glTF clip strips + audio strips). See Timeline & animation below
3DGS Simplify Tool	Workbench to reduce splat count — see section below. Opens large under the top bar
Scene Analyze	Metadata report — overview, HDR/environment lighting, meshes, materials, textures (size / VRAM), animations, splats. Refresh updates live stats
Performance	Live FPS gauge, frame time, GPU load estimate, renderer stats (draw calls, triangles, …), scene splat/mesh counts, and JS heap when available. Drag title to move; edges/corners to resize (size remembered). Header ↓ minimizes to a compact HUD in the top bar (right of Fullscreen). Click the HUD expand icon or the top-bar Performance icon to restore the full window. HUD on/off preference is remembered
AR Experience	Floating AR panel — Preview 3D on desktop (webcam composite) or Start AR on mobile (World Placement / Image Target tabs). Author Default / On start, gesture Actions (clip + movie + audio), and optional LINK BUTTON HUD links (up to 8). On mobile, Start AR / Export AR zip… pin to the bottom of the scrollable body. Export AR zip from here or File → Export AR zip…. See Web AR help tabs below
Help…	This large centered help window (also F1) — drag title to move, edges/corners to resize; size is remembered
Guided tour…	Step-by-step coach overlay for empty-start samples — Help → Guided tour… (mobile: choose Character animation or Video screen). Highlights targets with a dim mask; you can still click the UI underneath. Back / Next navigate; × ends the tour. Don’t show again on step 1 only. Video flow: VideoScreen_Rise → Tools Window (VideoScreen_geo, Transform Landscape/Portrait, UV Rotate 90°, movie material, Albedo video) → AR Experience → Start AR. Robo flow: robo_touchGesture → Windows → AR Experience → Preview 3D

When it starts	First visit to ?empty=1 (unless you checked Don’t show again on step 1). Restart anytime from Help → Guided tour…
Mobile shell	Pick Character animation (robo_touchGesture) or Video screen (VideoScreen_Rise) before the numbered steps
Navigation	Next advances (and on action steps can perform the highlighted control). Back returns to the previous step; from step 1 on mobile, Back returns to the flow picker. Last step shows Done
Video screen tips	Step 5 explains Landscape vs Portrait (Rotation Z). Portrait videos can skip the UV step. Step 8 highlights the Albedo texture icon to assign your own video
AR panel	On mobile, Start AR and Export AR zip… stay visible at the bottom of the AR Experience panel while you scroll long Default / On-start lists

Open	Windows → Timeline, the top-bar Timeline button, or Edit Mode → Animation Edit. Drag the title bar to move; edges/corners to resize
Playback	Toolbar: Play / Pause (Space), step frames, jump to start/end, Frame / Start / End / FPS. Loop button cycles Loop → Once → Ping-Pong. Bottom scrub bar drags the playhead
Dope Sheet	Keyframe diamonds per track — click to select, drag horizontally to retime, marquee-select multiple keys. Layer column: expand Tran / Rot / Scale to show per-axis rows; eye toggles filter which channels draw. When a timeline audio clip is selected, the lower Volume row shows volume keys (same data as Graph). Insert (I or S) / delete keys. Interp (Auto Smooth / Linear / Constant / Ease) and Tangent (Auto / Free) apply to the selected key; All Keys applies to the whole track
Graph Editor	Upper pane: channel curves for Tran / Rot / Scale — drag keys and Bezier handles. Same layer expand + per-axis visibility as Dope Sheet. Right-click a transform key → Edit Value (or double-click / mobile double-tap) to type frame + TRS numbers. Lower Volume pane: audio button places the selected Model Info clip on the timeline; click a clip in the Volume column list to select it. With a clip selected, insert volume keys (I / S / Insert Key), edit the curve and tangents, and use Edit Value for numeric level (0–2). Prev/next key and interp toolbar follow the volume track while that clip is selected. Deselect timeline audio (empty Tracks background) to key transforms again in the upper pane
Material (timeline)	Timeline → Material tab — key Opacity, Emissive Int, and UV Off U / V / Rotate on the mesh tied to the active material in Model Info (select a material card first). Curves behave like Graph Editor; context menu Edit Value edits the scalar at that key. Material keys export in scene.json and play in the editor, AR Preview 3D, and exported AR zip (alongside Tracks / Default Action clips)
Tracks Editor	Timeline → Tracks Editor tab — Anim and Audio sections. Drop glTF clips from Model Info onto a character’s Anim lanes; drop scene audio onto Audio lanes. Each clip gets its own stacked row (Maya-style layers). Overlapping clips on the timeline crossfade smoothly during playback (scrub or Play)
Active (per character)	Checkbox on each character row in the Tracks layer column. On — Timeline / Tracks drives that mesh in the viewport (overlap blend, timeline Play). Off — Model Info → Animation drives the mesh (full clip list, Play / Pause / Stop, scrub). Timeline and Model Info sliders stay independent. Turning Active off restores panel playback for that character
Export Anim	Timeline toolbar Export Anim — one dialog to export the selected character’s baked animation over the timeline Start–End range as GLB, glTF, or FBX (mesh TRS + morph; material keys stay in timeline sidecar for AR). Pick format in the dialog; target mesh comes from the current Tracks selection / layer (including grouped / non-skinned entries when selected)
Import animation…	Model Info → Animation — append clips from another FBX/GLB/glTF onto the selected character (matched by name/hierarchy). Works on skinned rigs and on grouped / non-skinned mesh entries when the import maps to the same content root
Animation clips	When a mesh has clips (glTF / GLB / FBX), Model Info lists them under Animation — reorder, rename, Play / Pause / Stop, scrub. Use Import animation… to add more takes. Drag a clip row to Tracks Editor to place a strip. With character Active off, all clips remain playable from Model Info without Tracks
Retime clips	In Tracks Editor, drag a strip horizontally to change its start frame. Trim edges or Ctrl/Cmd-drag edges to retime. Use timeline Start / End / FPS for the overall range. There is no separate Record button on Tracks — use timeline Play / scrub for preview
Scene audio	Add audio files in Model Info → Audio (play / loop / clear). Place clips on the timeline via Tracks Editor → Audio (drag-drop or audio button) or Graph Editor → Volume → audio. Select a strip in Tracks or the Graph Volume list, then key volume on the Dope / Graph volume pane. Trim and start frame stay in Tracks Editor. Waveform preview on each strip
Auto Key	When enabled, gizmo / Transform panel edits at the playhead automatically insert keyframes on keyed tracks
What can be keyed	Any Outliner node except the Scene root — meshes, joints, groups, lights, splats, cameras. Custom camera resolution (W×H) is supported on render cameras
Mesh clips (simple)	Model Info ▶ Play / Pause / Stop runs the selected clip (multi-clip FBX/glTF). When character Active is on, Tracks overlap blend drives the viewport instead. Timeline Play runs keyed tracks plus Active Tracks strips together
Saved in exports	Timeline data (transform keys, material keys, audio volume keys, Tracks Editor strips, audio library) is saved in Scene (zip) and included in AR / HTML exports as scene.json timeline + audio sidecar files

Open	Windows → Performance, or the speedometer icon in the top bar (opens the full resizable window when closed)
Full window	Semicircle FPS gauge (60 FPS = full arc), frame-time bar, estimated GPU load, renderer table, and scene load (splats, gaussians, mesh verts/tris). Updates live while open
Minimize	Header ↓ — saves window size/position and docks a pill HUD after the Fullscreen icon: FPS arc + label, frame ms, expand icon
Restore	HUD expand icon (four corners), top-bar Performance icon, or Windows → Performance — returns to the last full-window size and position
Top bar cycle	Speedometer: closed → full window → HUD → full window

Open	Windows → 3DGS Simplify Tool. Opaque workbench under the top bar; Original | Simplified previews stay side-by-side
Load Original	Drop a splat on Original, click Browse…, or Import from the scene list when splats are loaded. File → Open / Import with the tool open also feeds Original
Formats	.ply · .compressed.ply · .splat · .ksplat · .spz · .sog (same splat family as the editor)
Split	Drag the vertical divider between Original and Simplified to resize the previews
Suggest from Target	Enter a desired final splat count (or use Mobile AR / Half / Keep 75%). Suggest fills Ratio, Merge Cap, KNN, optional opacity/SOR, and SH so Simplify lands near that count. Mobile AR targets ~150K for smoother phone SLAM
Ratio	Fraction of splats to keep after merging (higher = less reduction)
KNN Neighbors	How many nearby splats are considered when building the merge graph
Merge Cap	Maximum share of splats that may be removed by merging (safety limit)
Opacity Prune	Drop splats dimmer than this opacity before merging (0 = off)
Target SH Degree	Truncate spherical harmonics — Keep preserves input; lower degrees shrink file size
SOR Filter	Statistical outlier removal for floating isolated splats. Std Ratio 0 disables SOR; Neighbors sets local density sample size
Simplify	Runs opacity → SOR → kNN merge → SH. Uses the local Python API when available (`python run.py`); otherwise runs entirely in the browser (static web hosting / GitLab Pages). Progress shows in Parameters
Result	Shows original vs simplified counts, splat/data reduction, and SH change
SSIM Quality	Calculate SSIM compares Original vs Simplified from the same camera. View-dependent — recalculate after orbiting (note appears when the camera moves)
Replace in scene	Swap the imported scene splat with the simplified model (keeps pose / hierarchy). Enabled only when source was Import from scene
Place as new	Add the simplified splat to the scene (offset slightly when sourced from a scene splat)
Export	Download the simplified model (PLY) to disk

Color Background	Solid (Color A) or Gradient; Color B, tightness, and position are used only in Gradient
Image Background	Sample photo presets (Warm Evening, Kitchen, Restaurant, Camping, …) plus upload jpg/png/webp or equirectangular HDR/EXR sky, then Cover / Contain / Stretch, Behind color, Scale / Pos / Blur / Rotate. Brightness (0.1–5×) and Exposure (−2…5 EV) adjust the plate look only — they do not change mesh IBL lighting. Background HDR is a sky plate only — it does not light meshes
Background Rotate	Yaw for the photo plate or HDR sky — slider in Image Background (0–360°)
Background Blur	Soft-focus blur on photo plates and HDR/EXR skies (0–40 px). Saved in Scene GLB and HTML export
Lighting — Mesh	Studio lights + HDR environment lighting for glTF / GLB meshes (separate from splat Relight). Apply Lighting writes mesh studio settings onto the default Outliner lights; custom Outliner lights disable this panel.
Apply Lighting	Apply presets, Ambient, Soft Fill, Key, and Exposure to the default Outliner directional + ambient lights. HDR import/rotate and Reflections update live.
Add / Remove Default Lights	Toggle studio ambient, soft fill, and key. When off, HDR / env can still light meshes. Add also restores the studio room env if HDR lighting was removed
Environment Map	Import equirectangular HDR / EXR for image-based lighting (PBR). Lights meshes even when studio lights are off
Env Map Rotate	Yaw for HDR / environment IBL — slider under the Environment Map thumbnail (0–360°). Independent of Background Rotate
Remove HDR Light	Clear the environment map so it no longer lights meshes (studio / Outliner lights can still light them)
Exposure / Reflections	Master brightness and IBL strength for mesh lighting (Reflections = how strongly the HDR lights the mesh). HDR lighting exposure goes up to 10 EV. Image-background plate tone uses separate Brightness / Exposure sliders under Image Background (up to 5× / 5 EV).
Sliders / numbers	Most controls accept type-in values (Enter or blur to apply), including FOV, color grade, and lighting
Post-Processing Filters	Bloom (strength / radius / threshold), FXAA antialiasing, depth of field (auto focus on orbit target or manual focus distance, aperture, max blur), pixelation, and color grading — built-in looks plus Load LUT… (.cube) with intensity. Saved in the scene; applied in the editor viewport, Export as HTML zip, Export AR zip, and AR Preview 3D
Panel collapse	Header ≡ — (1) collapse all sections, (2) shrink to title bar only so the panel stays narrow at the side of the viewport, (3) restore. Same behavior as Model Info

Select	Click a row — or click a splat / mesh / light helper in the viewport (meshes in front of a splat win the click). Empty space clears selection
Visibility	Eye icon on each row — hide/show that node. Hidden lights stop lighting the scene; splat Group hide cascades to children
Filter	Multi-select types to show: Meshes, Joints, Lights, Splats, Groups. Matching nodes still appear when a parent type is unchecked (children are promoted)
Rename	Double-click the name, or press F2
Regroup	Middle-drag a Group or node onto Scene or another Group
Resize	Drag the divider under the tree — details (anim, transforms) scroll underneath
Rotate anim	Add rotate anim / Stop rotation on a mesh node, splat Group, or Group folder · Axis X/Y/Z/−X/−Y/−Z · Loop seconds — saved in Scene GLB and HTML export
Animation (mesh)	glTF / GLB / FBX clips list under Model Info → Animation (multiple takes supported). Click a name to select; Play / Pause / Stop and scrub. Import animation… appends clips from another FBX/GLB/glTF onto the selected character. Clips stick through material edits and child deletes — remove only via clip Delete or deleting the asset. Optional: drag a clip to Timeline → Tracks Editor. Bind clip names to AR gesture Actions in the AR Experience panel
Shadows	Selected object (top) and Whole scene (bottom): Cast / Receive. Softness of the penumbra is set per light (Selected Light), not on the material
Selected Light	Model Info section when an Outliner light is selected — Color, Power, Cast shadow, Softness (0–200; 0 = hard edge), Quality (Low–Ultra map resolution for smoother penumbra), Reset. Directional also has Azimuth / Elevation / Distance (aims at world origin). Collapse with the section header; drag ⠿ to reorder alongside Selection, Transform, etc.
Selected Camera	Model Info section when a render camera is selected — FOV (degrees), same range as Scene Settings → Perspective Camera. Updates the frustum helper and Camera View when looking through that camera

Position / Rotation / Scale	Edit the selected splat, mesh, node, or Group folder — Local Position, Local Rotation, and Local Scale (parent-relative). Sliders + number boxes stay in sync with the gizmo. Undo with Ctrl+Z
Scale lock	Padlock to the right of Scale — locked (blue) keeps X, Y, and Z proportional when editing one axis or dragging a single scale handle; unlock for independent axes
Reset Transform	Set Position / Rotation / Scale back to identity (moves the object back). Also clears a custom pivot bake so identity is a true origin reset
Freeze Transform	Zero Position / Rotation / Scale without moving the object — bakes the current pose into the geometry / hierarchy. Same as Edit → Freeze Transform
Reset Pivot to World	Move only the selected model's pivot to the world / grid center (0,0,0). Clears Position to 0; rotation and scale stay; the object stays put. Same as Edit → Reset Pivot to World

Materials	One section in Model Info: material library cards, then Shader / Sides / properties below when a card is selected. Create new material, Select from viewport, and list view toggles sit above the grid. No mesh selection required to edit a library or draft material — Apply to selected geometry still needs a mesh. Physical shader: Refraction group (Transmission + Thickness + IOR — not Opacity; Dispersion for chromatic split; HDR/env required, enabled when Transmission > 0). Clearcoat & Specular and a collapsed Physical Advanced group (sheen, iridescence, anisotropy). New Physical drafts start with the glass preset.
Shader	Standard (PBR), Phong, Basic, Movie (video + audio), Shadow Catcher, or Occlusion — switching keeps compatible maps when possible
Import — Maya / Blender	On glTF / GLB import, materials normalize to Standard (PBR). Maya aiStandardSurface and Blender Principled BSDF map base color, metalness, roughness, normal, emissive, and opacity. Clearcoat, transmission, and specular extensions are baked into roughness / opacity where Standard cannot represent them. Packed ORM maps: use Channel R/G/B on AO / Rough / Metal (Maya glTF: R=AO, G=Rough, B=Metal)
Import limits	Subsurface, true glass refraction, anisotropy, and separate clearcoat layers are not in Standard (PBR) — those channels are approximated or dropped. Re-export from Maya / Blender with metallic-roughness PBR for best match
Movie	Playback section above Textures (Play/Pause, Stop, Loop, Mute, scrubber). Texture slots accept image or video; sound follows the material’s audio slot (usually Albedo). Saved in Scene zip; HTML zip keeps videos as sidecar files next to the viewer
Audio	Model Info section between UV Edit/Anim and Shadows — choose a scene audio file (play / loop / clear). Included in screen recordings with Movie material audio
Sides	Single-sided (front faces), Single-sided reverse (back faces), or Double-sided
Textures	Each slot: bold name · thumbnail to add/replace · UV1/UV2 · Tile on/off (repeat vs clamp) · × to clear. Data maps have Channel RGB/R/G/B. UV / Tile choices are saved in Scene GLB and HTML export
Standard slots	Albedo (+ Color) · Normal (Intensity 0–5) · Bump (Scale) · Height (Scale / Bias) · Rough · Metal · Emit (Color + Power) · AO · Light · Alpha
Phong slots	Albedo · Normal · Bump · Height · Spec map · Emit · AO · Light · Alpha — plus Specular color / Shininess below
Basic slots	Albedo · AO · Light · Alpha
AO / Light	Intensity sliders; default to UV2 when assigned — use the UV button to switch sets per slot
Height	Vertex displacement — needs dense geometry to look smooth
Alpha	Opacity mask; enables transparency when a map is assigned
Opacity	Overall material opacity (below the texture blocks). Can be animated on the Timeline → Material tab
Shadow Catcher	Transparent surface that only shows shadows from other meshes — including over 3D Gaussian splats in mixed scenes (shadows depth-test against splat geometry, not only flat compositing). Enable Cast shadow on casters; set Softness on the light. Controls: Shadow color and Opacity. Same behavior in the editor, Export as HTML zip, and AR Preview / exported AR zip
Occlusion	Invisible depth mask — hides splats and meshes behind or inside it

Scope	Applies to the whole scene, not just the selected mesh. Use it when overlapping transparent surfaces sort incorrectly.
Disable Depth Writing	Keeps depth testing on, but turns depth writing off for transparent materials so later transparent surfaces are less likely to punch holes into each other. Good first fix for glass, decals, and layered alpha.
Use Alpha Testing	Turns cutout-style transparency into a binary mask. Pixels above the threshold draw fully; pixels below it are discarded. Best for leaves, fences, labels, and hard-edged opacity maps.
Manual Render Order	Builds a scene-wide list of likely transparent meshes and lets you set each object’s renderOrder manually. Higher values draw later, so they usually appear on top of lower values.
Enable Alpha Hashing	Uses hash-based alpha coverage on supported materials instead of standard transparency blending. This can reduce sorting artifacts while keeping soft transparency, but it may introduce fine dithering or noise.
Per object render order	Shown only in Manual Render Order mode. The list includes transparent-looking scene meshes and skips editor helpers such as occlusion and shadow-catcher helpers.
Help button	The ? button next to Mode jumps directly to this help section.

Tip: menus are File · Edit · Edit Mode · Display · Windows. Mesh formats include glTF / GLB / FBX (multi-clip; Tracks Editor with overlap blend, Material timeline, Export Anim). AR Experience: World / Image Target, gesture Actions, material timeline in Preview + AR zip, multi LINK BUTTON HUD — see Web AR tabs. Exports and Save Selection use Save file confirm before disk write; File → Save quick-overwrites Scene zip when allowed. Scene Settings → Post-Processing Filters export with HTML/AR. New in 1.4.0: physics (DYN_ / COL_, per-object settings, skinned colliders, hit triggers) and particles — see the Dynamic & Particle tab; Scene zip hand-off for developers — see the Engineer: Scene zip tab; audio exports as MP3. Splattic Public Beta 1.4.0 · 2026 · Changelog · Legal. For sharing: Export as HTML zip… or Export AR zip… (HTTPS host).

This bookmark now opens three pages:

• Web AR overview — modes, Preview vs export, AR zip contents, hosting
• World placement AR — SLAM steps and gesture binding
• Image-target AR — target prep, detect, and export

Two modes	World Placement (SLAM) — scan a surface, place with the Tomoe marker, then interact. Image Target — anchor content to a printed JPEG/PNG when the camera detects it. Pick the mode with the tabs in Windows → AR Experience.
What can appear	Meshes (GLB / glTF / FBX, including multi-clip animation) and/or 3D Gaussian Splats (.ply / .splat / .ksplat / .spz / .sog). Mix both in one scene. Very large splat counts may be slow on phones — simplify first if needed.
Browser & permissions	Exported experiences must be served over HTTPS. The browser will ask for camera (and on iOS, often motion). file:// will not work for live AR.
Open the panel	Windows → AR Experience. Device capabilities and scene content appear at the top. Author Default / On start, gesture Action rows, and LINK BUTTON in the same panel (shared by both modes).
Outliner visibility	Eye icons in the Outliner hide meshes, lights, splats, and groups in the editor — the same visibility applies in Preview 3D, in-editor mobile AR, and exported AR zip (hidden nodes stay out of the AR scene graph)
Shadow catcher	Shadow Catcher materials (opacity in Model Info) export to AR; opacity is honored in Preview and on device. In mixed mesh + splat scenes, catcher shadows depth-test against splats and composite over splats (same as the editor). Timeline opacity keys on other shaders also play in AR Preview and exported zip
LINK BUTTON	Shared panel block (World and Image Target). Activate master switch; + Add / Delete up to 8 buttons. Each chip has a checkbox to show or hide that button without deleting it. Per button: URL, multi-line title (Enter for a new line), text alignment, font / size / weight / italic / underline, icon (Image / SVG… or clear), icon width, label placement (top / bottom / left / right), gap, optional colored background. Device preview zoom (− / 100% / +) scales the phone frame for precise placement (session-only). Drag buttons in the device preview to position. Checked buttons with a URL appear in Preview 3D and exported AR zip (tap opens the URL in a new tab). Saved as experienceHudButton in scene.json

Desktop Preview 3D	Composites the scene over the webcam (or a grid when the camera is denied). Drag to orbit, scroll to zoom. Splats render with Spark in Preview and when you open an exported AR folder on desktop. LMB click ≈ tap; directional swipes use W / A / S / D on desktop only. A dismissible Desktop gestures legend appears in Preview. Mobile Preview / Start AR uses real touch — no WASD keyboard swipes
Desktop Preview Image Target	With the Image Target tab active and a complete target in memory, the button becomes Preview Image Target — webcam + 8th Wall image tracking against your printed marker.
Mobile Start AR	On phone/tablet the primary button is Start AR and launches the real 8th Wall camera session for the active tab (World or Image).
Export AR zip	File → Export AR zip… or Export AR zip… in the AR panel. Packages a self-contained folder ({name}-ar.zip). Mode matches the active AR tab. Opening the zip on Mac/Windows shows desktop 3D preview — live camera AR is for phones/tablets over HTTPS.
First mobile load	The 8th Wall engine still needs internet (CDN) on first session, even when your assets are hosted locally.

index.html	Primary viewer — start gate, then Start AR on mobile. World Placement or Image Target HTML depending on the active tab at export.
README-AR.txt	Hosting notes and viewer behavior for this package.
THIRD_PARTY_NOTICES.txt	Third-party license notices for bundled libraries.
.nojekyll	Empty marker so GitHub Pages serves the folder correctly.
scene.glb	Mesh geometry when present (plus optional companion mesh files listed in the manifest).
scene.json	Manifest — transforms, materials, lighting, viewport post-processing, timeline (transform + material tracks, Tracks strips, audio), splat list, Scene root scale, plus onStartBinding, gestureBindings[], gestureMedia, experienceHudButton (LINK BUTTON array), and worldPlacement (World Placement options such as twoFingerRotate) when authored.
ar-runtime.js	Bundled scene, lighting, placement, and playback runtime.
libs/	three.module.js, three.core.js, GLTFLoader.js, BufferGeometryUtils.js, RoomEnvironment / HDR / EXR / RGBE loaders when packed, fflate.module.js, and spark.js when the scene includes splats.
Splat / media sidecars	.ply / .splat / .ksplat / .spz / .sog, movie videos, timeline audio, custom .hdr / .exr — only when referenced by scene.json.
Movie video format	By default each Movie material's video is packed as the original file (no re-encode) — e.g. an iPhone recording stays .mov (H.264 or HEVC). For the widest phone-browser support use MP4 (H.264 video + AAC audio). Tick Optimize movies for web (H.264 MP4) in the export dialog to convert non-MP4 movies in the browser while packing (first use downloads the converter; long clips take time). Files that are already MP4 are kept as-is; if conversion fails, the original is packed.
LTomoe.png	World Placement only — Tomoe placement fiducial texture.
targets.json + image-targets/	Image Target only — target metadata and companion JPEGs (_original, _cropped, _thumbnail, _luminance).
Exported HUD	Mobile zip: authored LINK BUTTON chips (when Activate is on), round audio / mute control (label shows mute while sound is on; audio when muted — tap to toggle), and Exit AR. In-editor Preview also has Play / Pause and Stats where applicable

Unzip fully	Keep every file in the same folder. Paths are relative — do not strip libs/ or media sidecars.
HTTPS	Required for camera. Free hosts: GitHub Pages, Netlify, Vercel, Cloudflare Pages. Local testing needs an HTTPS (or trusted) origin — not file://.
iOS Safari	Allow Camera (and Motion when prompted). Autoplay of unmuted audio often needs a tap — HUD Audio or a gesture unlocks it.
Android Chrome	Allow camera; use HTTPS. Chrome is the supported Android browser for this path.

Camera denied	Browser site settings → allow camera. iOS: Settings → Safari → Camera → Allow.
Black screen / no load	Confirm HTTPS and that all zip files landed in one folder.
Slow splats	Use 3DGS Simplify Tool (Mobile AR preset ~150K) before export.

Next: World placement AR · Image-target AR

Two-finger rotate	World Placement tab — checkbox Two-finger rotate (twist to turn the placed scene). Off by default. When on, a two-finger twist yaws the placed group after Tomoe placement (pinch still scales). Saved in Scene zip and AR export as worldPlacement.twoFingerRotate in scene.json; Preview 3D and exported World zip honor the same setting
Editor vs place	Relative sizes between meshes and splats match the editor. Scene root scale fits everything together. After Tomoe placement, the editor world origin (grid 0,0,0) sits on the fiducial — no automatic bbox grounding. Pinch scales the whole placed group around the placement pivot.
Fiducial circle	The Tomoe is a surface hint — tap places content centered on that marker, facing you (same idea as editor Front). It is not a printed Image Target.
Camera vs scale	Orbit/zoom in Preview only moves the camera — it does not change object scale.

Default / On start	Sections: Default action (Start / pause), Background audio (session bed) (Bed track + Volume), Animation (Target mesh + Clip), Movie (Movie + Play mode Loop / Play once), When finished (Consequence + optional Action number). Runs when the experience becomes ready — after place (World) or target detect (Image).
Bed track	Looping session bed from timeline/scene audio. Starts with On-start after place/detect (not while scanning). Volume is separate from per-Action one-shots.
Action rows	Add Action01, Action02, … Each picks a gesture and a panel mode such as Play action (clip + audio + movie), Play random, or play/pause style modes. Clip, audio, and movie blocks sit in collapsible sections per row.
Gestures	Tap, press, swipe up / down / left / right (labels include W/A/S/D), legacy swipe any (WASD), drag, two-finger tap, or No gesture (chain-only via When finished). Each touch type can bind to at most one Action.
When finished	Loop, return to Default, pause / hold, hold first frame, or Play Action number (1-based panel order; chains are capped).
Media transitions	Optional clip blend frames and movie fade frames (0 = hard cut). Duration uses Timeline FPS when set.
Desktop WASD help	Preview shows a Desktop gestures card (Click = tap; W/A/S/D = swipes). Dismissible for the session. Not shown on phone — use touch swipes there. Preview has no camera WASD — gesture keys win while Preview is open
LINK BUTTON	Same multi-button HUD editor as in Web AR overview — up to 8 positioned link chips with typography and icons; export and Preview honor per-button visibility checkboxes
Pinch & twist	Two-finger pinch scales the placed World scene. With Two-finger rotate enabled in the AR panel, twist also yaws the scene. Gesture Actions ignore input while two fingers are down for pinch / twist.

Includes	index.html, README-AR.txt, THIRD_PARTY_NOTICES.txt, .nojekyll, scene.glb / scene.json, ar-runtime.js, libs/, media/splat sidecars when used, LTomoe.png.
Omits	targets.json and image-targets/ (Image Target mode only).

← Web AR overview · Image-target AR →

Lighting & size	Even light, no glare. Larger physical prints track more reliably. Hold at a moderate angle.
Placement options	Wall vs Floor mapping, Invert axes, and Model size vs target are stored in the Scene zip (imageTargets + imageTargetPlacement) and in target JSON metadata (contentPlacement). Editor origin (0,0,0) is the center of the detected target.
Vs World	No Tomoe scan/tap — detection places content. Export omits LTomoe.png and includes target assets. Pinch scale is available on exported Image Target mobile; editor Image Target preview does not include pinch.
Gestures after detect	Same Default / On start and Action system as World (see World placement AR). Bind once; it applies after the marker is found.
Export blocked	Needs a complete in-memory target (after Create, or after Open Scene zip) with companion JPEGs. Export AR zip still writes targets.json + image-targets/.

Not detected	Better lighting/contrast; reopen the Scene zip so companion images restore; avoid glossy print. In an AR zip, confirm image-targets/ beside targets.json.
Create disabled / too small	Enlarge the source so the crop is ~640×480 px or larger — Status in the panel explains the error.
Preview black	Allow webcam, Exit, retry. Desktop preview uses the front camera — light the printed marker well.

← Web AR overview · World placement AR →

Splat	Target splat. Defaults to the splat selected in the Hierarchy.
Mode — Object (surfaces)	Collision for surfaces only. Best for single objects and props. Default.
Mode — Ground (floor fill)	Fills solid from the ground up, so the floor has no holes. Best for outdoor scans and terrain.
Mode — Room (fill outside)	Fills everything outside the walls. Best for closed interiors; place the seed inside the room.
Voxel size (m)	Resolution in world metres. This is the setting with the biggest effect on triangle count, file size, and generation time (see Optimization below).
Shape	Smooth — smoothed surfaces, recommended for walking. Blocky (voxel faces) — raw voxel cubes.
Remove floaters	Keeps only the connected part that contains the seed, removing stray floating splats.
Keep only what a walker at the seed can touch	Simulates a capsule (Walker height / Walker radius) starting from the seed and keeps only the reachable surfaces. GPU only — not available in the CPU fallback.
Seed	Pick on splat — click a point on the splat. Auto — use the splat centre. Lift (m) — raise the seed above the picked point (e.g. to stand it above the floor).
Generate / Download / Remove	Generate Collision builds the mesh and shows stats (triangles, GLB size, time, warnings). Download GLB saves {name}.collision.glb. Remove deletes the collision from the splat.
Display	Show collision (wireframe) / Show collision (solid) to inspect the result. Raycast probe — hover the viewport to read Probe: X m from camera · walkable / wall.
Transform afterwards	Moving, rotating, or scaling the splat later does not require regenerating — the collision follows the splat. After a large scale change, regenerate, because the effective voxel size changes with the scale.

Scene zip	{name}.collision.glb, {name}.voxel.json, {name}.voxel.bin (voxel files only from GPU generation). Restored on Open Scene zip — the panel shows Loaded from scene.
AR zip	{name}.collision.glb only, referenced from scene.json as splats[i].collision.
Download GLB	Standalone GLB for use in other tools or engines.

Access	loadSplatsForAR() returns collision. It is also available as window.__arSplatCollision and, in desktop Preview, session.splatCollision.
root / meshes	The collision group (placed directly under the scene) and its meshes.
sync()	Updates the collision transform to follow its splat. Runs automatically before rendering.
raycast(raycaster)	Returns hits sorted by distance. Works while the collision is hidden; collisions of hidden splats are skipped.
setVisible(bool)	Show or hide the wireframe at runtime.

const col = window.__arSplatCollision;
const rc = new THREE.Raycaster();
rc.setFromCamera(ndc, camera);          // or rc.set(origin, direction)
const hit = col?.raycast(rc)[0];
if (hit) {
  const n = hit.face.normal.clone()
    .applyMatrix3(new THREE.Matrix3().getNormalMatrix(hit.object.matrixWorld))
    .normalize();
  const walkable = n.y > 0.7;          // floor; |n.y| < 0.3 is a wall
  // hit.point = world-space position (teleport / placement target)
}

Walkable test	n.y > 0.7 = walkable floor; |n.y| < 0.3 = wall. Same rule as the editor Raycast probe.
External GLB use	Vertices are in splat engine space. World transform = splat world matrix × Rz(180°).

Voxel size 0.01 m	About 209k triangles — too heavy; avoid in AR.
Voxel size 0.05 m	About 5k triangles (GLB ≈ 90 KB). Props and objects. Default.
Voxel size 0.1 m	About 1k triangles. Rooms and walking.
Voxel size 0.2 m+	Hundreds of triangles. Large outdoor scenes.

Match Mode to content	Ground on a single object creates unnecessary walls and fill. Room needs closed walls — if walls are open, the fill leaks (the CPU fallback shows a warning).
Floaters & seed	Keep Remove floaters on and put the seed on the main body of the splat.
Limit raycasts	Raycast only on events (tap, teleport request) instead of every frame. For many rays per frame, consider a BVH such as three-mesh-bvh computeBoundsTree (not bundled). For occupancy queries, the voxel files in the Scene zip can be used.
Generation time & memory	Simplify the splat or increase the voxel size. The CPU fallback stops with an error above about 64M grid cells.
CPU fallback limits	No walker carve and no voxel files. For best quality, generate in a WebGPU-enabled Chrome / Edge.

← Image-target AR · Artist Manual →

1. Floor / walls	Add a primitive (Add Primitives → Plane / Box) or import a glTF, and rename it with the prefix COL_ (e.g. COL_Floor). It becomes a static collider.
2. Falling object	Add a Sphere / Box or import a glTF and rename it with the prefix DYN_ (e.g. DYN_Ball). Place it above the floor.
3. Test	Open Scene Settings → Physics and press ▶ Simulate. Press Reset to return everything to its start pose.
4. Interaction	In the AR panel, add a gesture row (e.g. Tap) and set its Physics action to Drop, Throw a copy or Push tapped object.
5. Export	Export the AR zip or HTML — physics runs there too.

COL_ (collider)	Static, immovable collision. In the editor it is drawn as a green wireframe (toggle with the collider gizmo button). In AR and HTML exports it is invisible — only the collision remains. Use it for floors, tables, walls and invisible blockers.
DYN_ (dynamic)	A rigid body that falls under gravity, bounces and collides. Works for primitives and imported glTF / GLB / FBX models. Its start pose is the pose you set in the editor.
Other objects	No physics — they are neither moved nor collided with.

COL_ Box / Sphere	Exact box / sphere.
COL_ Cylinder / Cone	Cylinder.
COL_ Plane	Thin box (solid from both sides).
COL_ Torus / glTF	Triangle mesh — follows the real geometry. Keep it low-poly.
DYN_ Sphere / Box / Cylinder	Matching primitive shape. Boxes also land correctly on triangle-mesh colliders.
DYN_ glTF	Bounding box of the model, centred on the model (not on its pivot).

▶ Simulate	Releases all DYN_ objects so they fall.
Throw	Throws a copy of a DYN_ object from the current camera, in the view direction.
Reset	Stops the simulation, restores start poses and removes thrown copies.
Gravity	Downward acceleration in m/s². Default 9.8.
Bounce	Restitution (0 = no bounce, 1 = fully elastic). Default 0.25.
Friction	Surface friction. Default 0.5.
Throw speed	Launch speed of thrown copies (m/s). Default 4.
Max thrown	Maximum number of thrown copies alive at once; the oldest is removed first. Default 20.
Ground plane / Ground Y	An infinite invisible floor at height Ground Y (default 0). Turn it off if your scene has its own COL_ floor or Splat Collision.
Drop on start	Off (default): DYN_ objects stay held in place until a gesture releases them. On: they fall as soon as the AR / HTML scene starts.

Select a DYN_ object and open Model Info → Physics to set how that object moves. Leave a field blank to use the scene value. Settings are saved with the scene and carried into AR zip and HTML export; thrown copies use the settings of their original.

Body shape	Auto (default): primitives use their exact shape; imported models use their bounding box. Pick Sphere for balls and round models so they roll smoothly instead of tipping over corners, or Cylinder for cans and wheels.
Mass (kg)	Blank / 0 = calculated from the object's size × Scene Density. Heavier objects push lighter ones around.
Bounce	0 = no bounce, 1 = bounces back almost fully. When two objects with their own Bounce touch, the higher value is used.
Friction	How much the object grips the floor and other objects (0 = ice).
Air drag	Slows the object's movement over time. Default 0.05.
Spin drag	Slows spinning and rolling over time. Default 0.1; raise it so balls stop rolling sooner.
Reset to scene defaults	Clears every override for this object.

Turn on Skinned collider — method 1: checkbox in Model Info

1. Select the character	Click the model in the viewport or its row in the Outliner (the whole model or any node inside it).
2. Open Model Info	Windows → Tools Window → Model Info tab. Scroll to the Physics section — it only appears for models that contain skinned meshes (bones).
3. Tick Skinned collider	Turn on the Skinned collider checkbox. Green wireframe boxes appear on each bone and follow the animation.
4. Adjust (optional)	Box scale and Min verts / bone appear under the checkbox — see the table below.
5. Test	Add a DYN_ object (e.g. a sphere) and press ▶ Simulate or Throw in Scene Settings → Physics. The counter shows N skinned collider mesh(es).
Turn off	Untick the checkbox. Remove prefix does not turn it off.

Turn on Skinned collider — method 2: Object Edit → Physics Prefix

1. Object Edit	Switch to Edit Mode → Object Edit.
2. Select	Select the character (several objects can be selected at once).
3. Add COL_	Open Physics Prefix in the Object Edit toolbar and choose Add COL_ (Collider).
Result	For a skinned model the name stays unchanged and the Skinned collider checkbox is turned on with default settings (toast: Skinned collider on). If it was already on, nothing changes (Skinned collider is already on). Every other selected object is renamed to COL_… as usual, so a character and a floor can be set up in one step.
Undo	Ctrl+Z turns the Skinned collider off again (and undoes the renames).

Settings

Skinned collider	Shown for models with skinned meshes. Turn it on to build one collision box (or sphere) per bone from the vertices each bone moves. Green wireframes show the boxes in the editor. The model itself does not need a COL_ name.
Box scale	Shrinks or grows every bone box (default 0.9, range 0.1–3). Lower it if objects stop in the air before touching the body.
Min verts / bone	Bones that move fewer vertices than this get no box (default 12). Raise it to skip tiny bones such as fingers.
Follow bone	Shown for COL_ objects. Pick a model and a bone (e.g. RightHand): the COL_ object keeps its current position relative to that bone and then moves with it — use it for a bat, a shield or a hand-made collider that is simpler than the bone boxes. Moving the COL_ object with the gizmo updates the offset.
Undo	All changes in this section can be undone with Ctrl+Z, and they are saved with the scene.

Presets	Snow, Rain, Falling leaves, Sparkles, Dust, Confetti, Fire, Smoke, Magic trail, Burst (one-shot). A preset is only a starting point — every value can be changed.
▶ Play / ⏹ Stop	Start or stop continuous emission (existing particles finish their life).
✸ Burst	Emit the Burst count at once.
Clear / Delete	Remove all live particles / delete the emitter.
Duplicate · Copy / Paste	Select the emitter and use Edit → Duplicate (Ctrl+D) or Copy / Paste (Ctrl+C / V). The copy gets all settings, a new name (…_copy), stays under the same parent node, and is shifted 0.25 m on local X. Undo removes it.
Loop · Play on start	Loop repeats every Cycle seconds. Play on start begins emitting when the AR / HTML scene starts; turn it off for gesture-triggered effects.

Mesh row vs inner node	Dropping on the mesh row (the top row of an imported model or primitive) attaches to the whole object — it follows the object's Move / Rotate / Scale and physics. Dropping on a node inside it (e.g. a bone) follows that node's animation.
Space with a parent	Local — the whole effect moves with the node (aura, glow on a hand). World — new particles are emitted from the node but stay where they were born, leaving a trail (sparks from a sword, smoke behind a car).
Unique node names	The link is saved by node name (parentNode) together with the emitter transform local to that node. If several nodes share the name, the first one in scene order is used — the editor warns when you save. Rename nodes so the target is unique.
Missing node	If the node is gone when a scene opens (renamed or deleted), the emitter is kept at the scene root and a notice is shown. Deleting a mesh also detaches its emitters instead of deleting them.
Engineers	particles/emitters.json stores parentNode + local position / rotation / scale. Pass the loaded glTF scene as nodeRoot to createSceneParticles so the emitter is parented to that node in your app (see particles/README.md).

Emission	Rate /s (continuous), Burst (count per burst), Cycle s, Lifetime (seconds), Max (particle cap — lower it for mobile).
Shape	Emission volume: point / sphere / box / cone. Size X/R, Size Y, Size Z set its size; Speed and Spread ° set the initial velocity.
Physics	Gravity (negative = rises, e.g. smoke), Wind X / Wind Z, Drag, Turbulence, Sway / Sway Hz (side-to-side drift for leaves and snow), Bounce and Friction on collision.
Look	Size start / end / random, Card H / W × (card aspect), Stretch (velocity streak length), Opacity start / end, Spin / tumble.
Sprite	soft, disc, square, spark, smoke (built-in), leaf (card) and texture (card).
Orientation	Billboard — always faces the camera. Free card — tumbles in 3D (leaves, confetti). Velocity — stretched along the motion (rain, sparks).
Card textures	With texture (card): Add… up to 4 images; each particle picks one at random. The alpha channel is the cut-out and the particle colour tints it (use white to keep the original colours).
Blending	Additive — glowing (fire, sparkles, magic). Normal — solid (leaves, confetti, smoke).
Space	World — particles stay where they were emitted, leaving trails when the emitter moves. Local — particles follow the emitter.
Colour	Start → End (fade over life), Random mix (random between the two colours), Rainbow. Set Color start / Color end.

Splat collision	Particles bounce off Splat Collision meshes and COL_ colliders. Must be on for particles to hit COL_ objects.
Ground plane	Particles bounce on the emitter's ground plane.
Die on hit	Particles disappear on their first hit (e.g. rain drops) instead of bouncing.

Physics — Drop (release)	Releases held DYN_ bodies so they start falling.
Physics — Throw a copy	Spawns a copy of the target and throws it from the camera (limited by Max thrown). The original object is hidden (no collision either) until Physics — Reset. On a swipe gesture the copy follows the swipe: up = forward along the view, left / right / down = that direction with a slight upward arc.
Physics — Swipe direction	Pushes the targets in the swipe direction, relative to the camera.
Physics — Push tapped object	Pushes the DYN_ object under the finger away from the camera. If nothing is hit, pushes the targets horizontally.
Physics — Reset	Restores start poses and removes thrown copies.
Target	All DYN_ objects or one specific DYN_ object. With All, Throw a copy picks a random DYN_ object each time — including hidden throw-only ones — so pick the specific object when only one ball (one material) should be thrown.
Strength	Impulse strength for throw / swipe / push. Default 3.
Speed from swipe	Throw + swipe gestures only: the copy flies faster for a quick flick and slower for a slow swipe, based on the finger speed at release. Strength becomes the speed of a normal flick (about 3 screen heights per second); the result is clamped between 0.3× and 3×. Desktop W/A/S/D keys have no speed and always use Strength. Off by default.
Hold to throw	Throw a copy on a Swipe up or Swipe any row only (like Pokémon GO, without spin). Touch and hold the screen (about 0.25 s) and the copy appears under your finger, following it and the camera; then swipe up and let go to throw it (aimed through where you let go; Strength and Speed from swipe apply). Letting go without a swipe up — or touching with a second finger — cancels and the copy disappears. A quick swipe without holding does not trigger the row. Desktop AR Preview: hold the left mouse button, drag up and release (W does not trigger it). Off by default; the HTML export throws immediately.
Lifetime (s)	Throw only: each thrown copy is removed from the scene after this many seconds. 0 (default) keeps copies until Max thrown removes the oldest.
Particles — action	Burst particles, Play particles, Stop particles, or Play / Stop particles (toggle).
Particles — Emitter / Burst count	All emitters or one emitter; number of particles per burst (default 60).
Particles — At hit point	Only for Burst particles on a Physics hit row: on (default) = the burst appears where the DYN_ object hit the collider; off = at the emitter's own position. Greyed out for other gestures.

Hit by	Any DYN_ object or one DYN_ object. Thrown copies count as the object they were copied from.
Collider	Any collider, one COL_ object (static or Follow bone), or a model with Skinned collider on.
Min speed	Impact speed (m/s) needed to trigger. Default 0.3. Raise it so resting or rolling contact does not retrigger.
Cooldown (s)	Minimum time between two triggers of the same row. Default 0.5.
Particles	Set the row's Particles section to Burst particles and keep At hit point on to show sparks, dust… exactly where the object hit (the emitter itself does not move).

Collider	Any collider, one COL_ object or a model with Skinned collider on.
Min speed	Impact speed (m/s) needed. Default 0.3.
Hit window (s)	How long after the gesture a hit still counts. Default 8.
Animation clip	Played on the model that was hit (the Skinned collider model, or the model a Follow-bone COL_ follows). The list shows that model's clips (all models when the collider is Any collider).
Audio file / Offset	Sound played on the hit.
Movie / Play mode	Movie started by the hit (Loop or Play once).
Particles / Emitter / Burst count	Particle action run on the hit: Burst particles, Play particles, Stop particles or Play / Stop particles, on all emitters or one emitter. Burst count = particles per burst (default 60). A hit with only particles set plays no clip, audio or movie.
At hit point	Burst particles only. On (default): the burst appears where the DYN_ object hit (e.g. on the character's head). Off: at the emitter's own position. The emitter does not move either way.
When finished	Applies to the hit reaction clip (e.g. return to the Default action).

Scene zip	Physics settings are saved with the scene; DYN_ / COL_ are kept through their names. Particle emitters and their card textures are saved in the particles/ folder.
AR zip	Physics engine (cannon-es) and particles are bundled. scene.json contains a physics block (settings, colliders, dynamics, targets) and a particleEmitters block.
HTML export	Physics, particles and the physics / particle parts of gesture rows are included (adds about 0.5 MB when physics is used). Controls: click = tap, quick drag = swipe, W / A / S / D = swipe, double-click = two-finger tap.

Held until released	Unless Drop on start is on, DYN_ objects float in place until a Drop / Swipe / Push gesture. Combine a Tap → Drop row with Drop on start off for "tap to drop" scenes.
Keep colliders simple	Prefer COL_ primitives (box / sphere / plane) over high-poly glTF meshes — triangle-mesh colliders cost more, especially on phones.
Real-world scale	Physics uses metres. Very small or very large objects behave unnaturally; model at real size and use AR pinch to scale — the physics scales together with the scene.
Fallen objects	Bodies that fall more than 50 m below the ground are reset automatically.
Particle performance	Keep Max to a few hundred per emitter for mobile AR; Additive blending with large sizes is the most expensive.
Debug (developers)	window.__arPhysics (AR), window.__expPhysics (HTML export).

← Image-target AR · Artist Manual →

Scene zip	The editor's project file and the engineer hand-off. Reopens in the editor with everything editable, and carries readable data (scene.json) to rebuild the scene in your own app.
AR zip	A finished, self-contained Web AR site (runtime + libraries included). Use it when you want the scene to play as authored without writing code — see Engineer: AR zip.
HTML export	A single-page desktop / mobile viewer of the scene. Same idea as the AR zip, without AR.
Selection export	Plain glTF / GLB / FBX of the selected meshes only — for DCC tools and engines that only need geometry, materials and animation.

<name>.glb	Mesh geometry, standard glTF PBR materials / textures, skins and animation clips. Splats, lights, background and special shaders are not in the GLB. A splat-only scene still has a small placeholder GLB.
<name>.js	ES module (three.js r150+) exporting EDITOR_SCENE (the full scene payload) and helpers: applyEditorScene, applyEditorMeshLighting, applyEditorOutlinerLights, applyEditorMeshShadows, applyEditorSceneMaterials, getEditorTimeline, getEditorAudioLibrary. Embedded splats are stored here.
scene.json	The same payload as pretty-printed JSON, for reading without importing the module. Embedded splat bytes are left out — those entries have dataIn naming the .js file.
Sidecar files	Files referenced by name from the payload: environment HDR / EXR (envFile), background image / sky / HDR, texture maps and movie videos used by special materials, timeline audio, splat .ply / .compressed.ply (sidecar mode), splat collision files, and extra mesh GLBs for multi-mesh scenes (meshFiles, catchersFile).
particles/	Only when the scene has particle emitters: particle-core.js (dependency-free runtime), emitters.json, emitters.schema.json and README.md. See Attaching an emitter to a node.

import * as THREE from 'three';
import { GLTFLoader } from 'three/addons/loaders/GLTFLoader.js';
import { EDITOR_SCENE, applyEditorScene, getEditorTimeline } from './MyScene.js';
import { createSceneParticles } from './particles/particle-core.js';

const renderer = new THREE.WebGLRenderer({ antialias: true });
renderer.outputColorSpace = THREE.SRGBColorSpace;
const scene = new THREE.Scene();

// 1. Meshes
const gltf = await new GLTFLoader().loadAsync('./' + EDITOR_SCENE.sceneFile);
scene.add(gltf.scene);

// 2. Lighting, HDR environment, outliner lights, shadows, special materials
await applyEditorScene(scene, renderer, { baseUrl: './' });

// 3. Camera
const { pos, at, fov } = EDITOR_SCENE.cam;
const camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(fov || 50, innerWidth / innerHeight, 0.01, 1000);
camera.position.fromArray(pos);
camera.lookAt(new THREE.Vector3().fromArray(at));

// 4. Particles (optional)
const fx = createSceneParticles(THREE, EDITOR_SCENE.particleEmitters || [], gltf.scene, { nodeRoot: gltf.scene });
fx.start();

// 5. Animation / audio timing (optional) — your own player
const tl = getEditorTimeline();   // { fps, start, end, tracks, mediaStrips, audioLibrary, ... }

v · projectName	Format version (currently 3) and project name.
sceneFile	File name of the main GLB in the zip.
meshes	Per-mesh name and cast / receive shadow flags.
meshExtras	Per-mesh editor data: name, pos, rot, scl, anchor, materials, default clip. See Transforms.
meshMaterials · materialRegistry	Special material descriptors (movie, occlusion, shadow catcher, map files). Mesh records point into materialRegistry with materialRef.
meshFiles · catchersFile · originalMeshPassthrough	Multi-mesh layout: extra GLBs (one per mesh) and the shadow-catcher GLB, loaded next to sceneFile.
envFile · meshLight · sceneLights · shadows · rendererState	HDR / EXR environment, studio lights, outliner lights (directional / point / spot…), shadow settings, tone mapping and exposure.
background	Colour, gradient, or imageFile / skyFile / hdrFile (skyFromEnv: same file as the environment).
cam	Saved view: pos, at (look-at target), fov (degrees).
splats · folders · splatPack · splatSidecarFormat	3DGS entries and Outliner folders. See Splats.
timeline · meshAnim · useTimeline · bakedTimelineAnim	Timeline (fps, range, keyframe tracks, media strips, audio library) and clip choices per mesh. The timeline is the source of truth for animation placement and audio timing / volume.
particleEmitters	Particle emitters (same data as particles/emitters.json).
physics	Present only when the scene has COL_ / DYN_ objects: settings, colliders, dynamics, targets. Optional: skinned ([{ mesh, scale, minVerts }] — per-bone colliders), follow ([{ name, mesh, bone, offset }] — COL_ node following a bone; offset is a 16-number column-major matrix relative to the bone) and hitColliders (names usable in Physics hit rows).
AR Experience keys	arMode, onStartBinding, gestureBindings, gestureMedia, experienceHudButton, worldPlacement, sceneRoot — what the AR zip runtime uses. Same format as the AR zip; field-by-field reference in Engineer: AR zip → Gesture rows (including physicsHoldThrow and the onHit particle fields).
filter · colorAdjust · postFx · relight	Viewport look: CSS filter, colour adjustment, post effects, splat relighting. Only present when not at defaults.

Axes & units	glTF conventions: right-handed, Y-up, metres. Quaternions are [x, y, z, w].
Mesh wrapper node	A mesh the editor re-encodes is written as a wrapper node named after the mesh (its Outliner name) with the mesh content below it. Look meshes up by that name.
Single re-encoded mesh	The wrapper already carries the mesh transform — load the GLB and it is in place.
Multi-object / original files	In multi-object scenes the wrappers are identity, and with originalMeshPassthrough the GLBs are the original imported files (no wrapper, no editor transform). In both cases the transform lives in meshExtras[i]: rot is Euler XYZ in degrees, and rotation / scale happen about anchor, then pos is added: world(x) = pos + A + R·S·(x − A). Apply it to the mesh named meshExtras[i].name (or the root of its file in meshFiles).
Node names	Particles, physics, materials and AR actions find nodes by name (first match wins). Keep the names you depend on unique.

Embedded (default)	Splat data is inside the .js module (splats[i].data, compressed PLY). scene.json only lists the entry with dataIn. Simple, but the .js gets large.
Sidecar	Chosen in the save dialog: each splat is a separate .compressed.ply or .ply file named in splats[i].file. Recommended for engineers — load the file directly with your splat renderer.
Transform fields	pos / rot / scl / anchor (same pivot rule as meshes), groupPos / groupRot / groupScl, optional contentOffset, parentIdx, folderId, and attachMi / attachNode when a splat is attached under a mesh.
Renderer	three.js has no built-in splat renderer. The AR / HTML exports use Spark; any 3DGS renderer that reads PLY works.

Particles	Use particles/particle-core.js with your own THREE (see the example above and particles/README.md). Emitters with parentNode are attached to the node of that name, using the transform local to it.
Physics	Driven by node names: COL_ = static collider, DYN_ = rigid body. physics.settings holds gravity, bounce, friction, throw speed, ground plane and drop-on-start. The exports use cannon-es; any physics engine can rebuild it from these names and settings. Skinned / follow colliders are kinematic bodies updated from the bone world matrices every frame; gesture rows with gesture: "hit" carry hitDynamic, hitCollider, hitMinSpeed and hitCooldownSec.
Gesture physics	Rows with panelActionMode: "activatePhysics" carry physicsAction, physicsTarget, physicsStrength, physicsLifetimeSec, physicsSpeedFromSwipe and physicsHoldThrow (Hold to throw: the copy is held in front of the camera while the finger is down and thrown on an upward release, no spin; only on throw rows with a swipe-up gesture). Their onHit object holds the reaction: collider, minSpeed, windowSec, clipName, audioId, particleAction, particleEmitterId, particleBurstCount and particleAtHit (burst at the contact point instead of the emitter position).

Meshes	Import the .glb with the engine's glTF importer (e.g. glTFast, Unreal glTF importer, Godot native). For multi-object scenes apply meshExtras transforms yourself.
Axes	glTF is right-handed Y-up metres. Unity is left-handed Y-up; Unreal is left-handed Z-up in centimetres; Godot is right-handed Y-up. Importers convert meshes, but values you copy from scene.json (camera, particle and light positions) must be converted by you.
Lights & materials	Rebuild from sceneLights / meshLight; standard PBR materials come through the GLB, special materials (movie, occlusion, shadow catcher) need engine-side equivalents.
Particles	Map emitters.json to the engine's particle system using emitters.schema.json (units: metres, seconds, degrees for spread, radians/s for spin).

Editing for the editor	When a Scene zip is reopened, the editor reads the .js payload first. From scene.json it only takes the AR Experience keys (and falls back to it when the .js is missing or broken). Edits elsewhere in scene.json are ignored while the .js is present.
particles/ is read-only	The editor ignores the particles/ folder on open; it restores emitters from particleEmitters. Change effects in the editor, not in emitters.json.
Flat folder	Keep every file at the zip root with its saved name. References are plain file names; renaming a file without updating the payload breaks it, and the editor matches files by name only (sub-folders are not meaningful).
Do not edit the GLB for the editor	Re-exporting the GLB from a DCC tool can rename nodes or drop the wrapper nodes, which breaks name lookups for materials, particles, physics and AR actions. Change models in the editor or re-import them there.
Timeline vs GLB clips	Clip trims, retimes and placements come from timeline. The GLB holds the source clips (baked only when needed — see bakedTimelineAnim).
Large scenes	Embedded splats make the .js very large (slow to parse, can exceed bundler limits). Save with sidecar splats for engineering use.
Media	Movie materials and audio need their sidecar files; browsers block autoplay with sound until a user gesture.
Licences	Sample assets in the editor have their own licences — see Sample content before shipping them.

← Dynamic & Particle · Artist Manual · Engineer: AR zip →

AR zip	A finished, self-contained Web AR site: viewer page, bundled runtime, three.js libraries, models, media and the experience data. Unzip, upload to any HTTPS static host, open the URL. Nothing to build.
Scene zip	The editor's project file. Use it to keep editing, or to rebuild the scene in your own code — see Engineer: Scene zip.

index.html	The AR experience itself (no separate landing page): start gate, device detection, 8th Wall loader, Three.js scene and HUD (mute button, desktop key help). World Placement or Image Target, depending on the AR panel tab at export.
ar-runtime.js	Bundled runtime loaded by index.html with import('./ar-runtime.js'): manifest → scene, lighting, placement, timeline / clip playback, gesture Actions, audio / movies, particles, physics (cannon-es) and the desktop preview.
libs/	three.module.js + three.core.js, GLTFLoader.js, BufferGeometryUtils.js, RoomEnvironment.js, HDR / RGBE / EXR loaders, fflate.module.js. Mapped by the import map in index.html (three, three/addons/…, three/examples/jsm/…). libs/spark.js (3DGS renderer) only when the scene has splats.
scene.glb	Mesh geometry, standard PBR materials / textures, skins and animation clips. Multi-mesh scenes add one GLB per mesh (listed in meshFiles).
scene.json	The experience data, pretty-printed: mesh transforms and materials, lighting, timeline, splats, scene root scale, On start, gesture rows, HUD button, particles and physics. Read at every page load — see scene.json keys.
Media sidecars	Files referenced by name from scene.json: audio (timeline.audioLibrary[].file), movie videos, texture maps not stored in the GLB (e.g. <name>_m0_r0_map.png), HDR / EXR environment, splat files (.compressed.ply, .ply, .spz, .sog…), HUD button images.
LTomoe.png	World Placement only: the placement marker (fiducial) texture.
targets.json · image-targets/	Image Target only: target metadata and the tracking images generated in the editor. Both are required.
README-AR.txt · THIRD_PARTY_NOTICES.txt · .nojekyll	Deploy notes for this export, third-party licences (three.js, 8th Wall engine, Spark…), and a marker so GitHub Pages serves files as-is.

Deploy	Unzip and upload the folder contents so index.html is at the site root (GitLab / GitHub Pages, Netlify, S3 + CloudFront, any static server). Do not upload the .zip itself.
HTTPS	Required for the camera on phones. Over plain HTTP the page shows Open over HTTPS to use the camera.
Internet	The 8th Wall engine (@8thwall/engine-binary, @8thwall/xrextras) is loaded from the jsDelivr CDN when AR starts. Everything else is local to the folder.
Phone / tablet	Real AR. The user must tap Start (camera permission and audio need a user gesture), then scan a surface and tap the marker (World) or point at the printed image (Image).
Mac / Windows	Desktop 3D preview, no camera: drag to orbit, scroll to zoom, right-drag or Shift-drag to pan. Gestures: W / A / S / D = swipe up / left / down / right, click = tap. Hold to throw: hold the left button, then drag up and release.

# Local test (desktop preview) — serve the unzipped folder
cd my-ar-export
npx serve .            # or: python -m http.server 8080

# Phone test needs HTTPS — e.g. a tunnel to the local server
npx localtunnel --port 3000   # or ngrok / cloudflared

1. Start	index.html detects the device. Desktop → desktop preview. Mobile → checks HTTPS, loads the 8th Wall engine and asks for the camera.
2. Load	Fetches scene.json (no cache) and scene.glb, then ar-runtime.js applies the manifest: mesh transforms and materials, lighting and environment, splats via Spark, scene root scale.
3. Place	World: the Tomoe marker follows the detected surface; tap places the editor origin on it. Two-finger pinch scales around the scene pivot (two-finger rotate when worldPlacement.twoFingerRotate is on). Image: content is anchored to the tracked image.
4. Play	onStartBinding starts the first clip / movie / background audio, then gesture rows, particles and physics run from touch input (or keys and mouse on desktop).

v	Format version (currently 1).
meshes	One record per mesh: name, pos / rot / scl / anchor, holderPos / holderRot / holderScl, applyEditorTRS, contentRootName (the node name in the GLB), visibility, shadow flags, materials[] (per-node material overrides, incl. movie / occlusion / shadow catcher), anim / animName (default clip). Primitives add kind: "primitive" and primType.
meshFiles	Multi-mesh layout: [{ file, name }] — extra GLBs loaded next to scene.glb.
lighting	meshLight (studio key / hemi / ambient / environment), sceneLights (outliner lights), rendererState (tone mapping, exposure, colour space), shadows, envFile, postFx.
timeline · meshAnim · useTimeline · bakedTimelineAnim	Timeline (fps, range, play mode, tracks, strips, audio layers, audioLibrary) and the clip list per mesh. Gesture rows refer to clips by clipName and to audio by audioId.
splats	3DGS entries: file, ext, transforms, worldPos / worldQuat / worldScl, splatCount, visible.
sceneRoot	AR placement root: scl (Scene root scale from the editor — content appears at editor size × scl, in metres), preserveEditorScale, fitMaxDim (auto-fit size when no scale is given, default 1.5 m), animScaleFactor.
arMode	"slam" (World Placement) or "image" (Image Target).
onStartBinding	What plays after placement: defaultCommand, targetId, action (startClip / startMovie / off), clipName, background audio and its volume.
gestureBindings	Gesture Action rows — see Gesture rows.
gestureMedia	clipBlendFrames (cross-fade between clips) and movieFadeFrames.
experienceHudButton	On-screen link buttons: activated, url, label, image file, position normX / normY (0–1 of the screen) and styling.
worldPlacement	World mode options, e.g. twoFingerRotate.
particleEmitters	[{ id, name, parentNode, position, quaternion, scale, visible, config }] — same emitter format as the Scene zip (config: preset, rate / burst, lifetime, shape, speed, gravity, colours, sprite, collision…).
physics	Present only when the scene has COL_ / DYN_ objects: settings (gravity, ground / groundY, restitution, friction, density, throwSpeed, maxThrown, dropOnStart), colliders / dynamics ([{ name, primType }]), skinned ([{ mesh, scale, minVerts }]), optional follow, hitColliders, targets.

Common	id, gesture (tap, press, swipeup / swipedown / swipeleft / swiperight, drag, twofingertap, hit, none), targetId (mesh name or *), panelActionMode (playAction, playRandom, playPause, activatePhysics). Each touch gesture can be used by one row only; none rows are reachable only from finishGestureNum.
Clip / audio / movie	clipName, clipSource, clipPool (random), clipFinish / movieFinish (default, playGesture + finishGestureNum…), audioId, audioOffsetSec, experienceMovieControl.
Particles	particleAction (burst, play, stop, toggle), particleEmitterId (an id from particleEmitters), particleBurstCount.
Physics	physicsAction (drop, throw, swipe, push, reset), physicsTarget (a DYN_ name), physicsStrength, physicsLifetimeSec (thrown copies), physicsSpeedFromSwipe, physicsHoldThrow (Hold to throw — only on throw rows with a swipe-up gesture).
onHit	On activatePhysics rows: the reaction when a body moved by this row hits collider faster than minSpeed within windowSec. Carries its own clipName, audioId, particleAction / particleEmitterId / particleBurstCount, and particleAtHit (burst at the contact point instead of the emitter position).
Physics hit rows	gesture: "hit" fires when hitDynamic hits hitCollider above hitMinSpeed, at most every hitCooldownSec.

{
  "id": "g1",
  "gesture": "swipeup",
  "targetId": "Hero",
  "panelActionMode": "activatePhysics",
  "physicsAction": "throw",
  "physicsTarget": "DYN_Ball",
  "physicsStrength": 5,
  "physicsLifetimeSec": 4,
  "physicsSpeedFromSwipe": true,
  "physicsHoldThrow": true,
  "onHit": {
    "collider": "Hero",
    "minSpeed": 0.5,
    "windowSec": 6,
    "clipName": "hit",
    "particleAction": "burst",
    "particleEmitterId": "pe_1",
    "particleBurstCount": 150,
    "particleAtHit": true
  }
}

Axes & units	glTF conventions: right-handed, Y-up, metres. Quaternions are [x, y, z, w]; rot is Euler XYZ in degrees.
Mesh transforms	When applyEditorTRS is true the runtime applies meshes[i] on top of the GLB: rotation / scale about anchor, then pos — world(x) = pos + A + R·S·(x − A). When false the GLB already carries the transform.
Scene root	Everything sits under one placement root. Its scale is sceneRoot.scl; the editor origin lands on the placement marker (World) or the target centre (Image).
Node names	Physics, particles and gesture rows find nodes by name. Physics lists use the GLB node names (contentRootName, which may carry a _1 suffix); gesture targetId uses the mesh name. Keep the names you depend on unique.

Tweak values	Safe: edit scene.json and reload — e.g. physicsStrength, physics.settings, particle config, sceneRoot.scl, HUD button url / label. The runtime validates rows on load; invalid values fall back to defaults and invalid rows are dropped.
Swap assets	Replace a media file with one of the same name and format (audio, movie, texture, HDR). For a different model, re-export from the editor — node names in scene.json must match the GLB.
Look & text	The start gate, status text and CSS live in index.html and can be restyled. Keep the element ids, the import map and the Start click handler.
Embedding	Link to the hosted page, or embed it in an <iframe> with allow="camera; gyroscope; accelerometer; magnetometer; autoplay; fullscreen". A full-page link is the most reliable on iOS.
ar-runtime.js	Generated bundle — do not edit. Its exports (applySceneManifest, attachARGestureBindings, startZipDesktopPreview…) are internal to this index.html and can change between editor versions; for your own app, start from the Scene zip.

Flat folder	Keep every file in the same folder with its exported name (only libs/ and image-targets/ are sub-folders). Paths are relative; renaming breaks references.
Re-export after editor updates	The runtime is copied into the zip at export time. Editor fixes reach an existing AR site only after you export again and re-upload the whole folder (not just scene.json).
Caching	scene.json is fetched without cache, but CDNs and browsers may cache ar-runtime.js, GLBs and media. After re-uploading, purge the CDN cache or deploy to a new folder.
Do not edit the GLB	Re-exporting scene.glb from a DCC tool can rename nodes or change the hierarchy, which breaks name lookups for materials, physics, particles and gestures.
Mobile limits	Large splats, many particles or 4K movies can exceed phone memory. Movies play most widely as MP4 (H.264 + AAC); audio starts only after the Start tap.
Licences	The 8th Wall engine binary, three.js and Spark are covered in THIRD_PARTY_NOTICES.txt — keep it with the site. Sample assets have their own licences — see Sample content.

← Engineer: Scene zip · Web AR overview · Dynamic & Particle